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If you have a pre-existing medical condition requiring treatment, you should wear a bracelet or necklace containing medical information so others can properly take care of you should you be unable to do so yourself. Carrying information about those who can speak for you in an emergency is a similar matter.
First, whenever possible, carry a photo ID, like your driver's license. That sort of ID can help identify you at an accident scene, and emergency services personnel do their best to keep wallets and purses with accident victims. In the case of multiple people injured in the same accident a photo ID is usually all that is needed to identify you.
If you carry a cell phone it is probably full of information, but which of the 200 phone numbers you have stored in it should be called? There is a campaign - started in Britain - to get people to create entries in their cell phones named "ICE" - for In Case of Emergency. Those entries identify who should be called in the event you're involved in some kind of accident. If you have multiple emergency contacts, list them as ICE1, ICE2, and so on. You may have seen information about this campaign in your email. For a while it was being forwarded regularly around the Internet. It is real. You can read more about it at snopes.com. Search for "ice" and "cell phone" to find the details.
But cell phones can be damaged or lost in an accident, batteries may run down, and checking a cell phone for ICE entries isn't required by any agency at this time. Thus, the ICE campaign isn't enough by itself.
That's why you need to carry your emergency contact information on paper as well. List the phone numbers and addresses of those you want contacted if an accident keeps you from calling them yourself. Make sure it is clearly marked as emergency contact information so hospital personnel recognize it quickly. Including a current list of medical conditions and medications you take may also aid in your care.
Finally, keep all this information information up to date. Medical personnel don't want to inadvertently give you the wrong treatment or contact the wrong people.
No one wants this information to get used, of course, but preparation for an unforeseeable accident is always a good idea. Keep safe!